Urine diversion toilet waste removal and processing using black soldier fly (BSF) technology
Since 2002, eThekwini municipality has installed over 80 000 urine diversion (UD) double vault toilets at the household level in rural areas.
A number of concerns arose over the removal of faecal material from UD toilets.
The eThekwini municipality’s water and sanitation unit (EWS), began exploring methods for the efficient removal and disposal or processing of the UD contents.
Source: “good science makes good policy” - UKZN pollution research group, may 2015.